THE MEMORY OF KRUTY HEROES ON THE PAGES OF THE NEWSPAPER «DILO»

Abstract

It is emphasised that the historical memory of the events of the Ukrainian National Democratic Revolution has been and remains an important component of the national identity of Ukrainians, and the heroes of Kruty are significant for civil society. It is substantiated that the interwar Ukrainian periodicals reflected the main events that took place in the Western Ukrainian community. It is proved that in the interwar period, the commemoration of the events of the Ukrainian National Democratic Revolution took a prominent place in the socio-political discourse of Galicia, and in its epicentre was the celebration of the Act of Unity on 22 January 1919. It is noted that the Lviv newspaper «Dilo» published documents, memories of this event and ways to commemorate it.The differences in the memorial practices of commemorating the Kruty heroes in interwar Poland are explained. It is observed that on the pages of «Dilo» information about the heroic deeds of the Kruty heroes can be traced in the 1930s, while in the 1920s it was practically absent. It is argued that the honouring of the Kruty heroes in Galicia took place on the initiative of the younger generation, primarily students, which was fully reflected in the pages of «Dilo». It is emphasized that he Union of Ukrainian Students’ Organisations in Poland was the first in Lviv to actualize the memory of the Kruty heroes. The «Dilo» newspaper published appeals from student organisations, information about the «All-Student Kruty Academies», which were accompanied by dramatisations, reading of essays, poems, songs and the national anthem. «Moloda Hromada», «Syla», «Luh», «Buduchnist», «Prosvita» and others joined the commemoration of Kruty. The difficulties and problems in commemorating the victims of Kruty are revealed. On the eve of the Second World War, the commemoration of the Kruty heroes turned into a kind of national cult.It is concludedthat the events of the Ukrainian National Democratic Revolution found a response among the Western Ukrainian community. The format and and ideological content of their celebrations in Galicia underwent a certain transformation - from the celebration of the November Uprising of 1918 and the Act of Unification of 1919 in the 1920s to a significant expansion of the range of national holidays, in particular the proclamation of the independence of the UPR by the Fourth Universal and the heroic deeds of the Kruty heroes.