SECONDARY EDUCATION AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN INTELLIGENTSIA IN GALICIA IN THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY

Abstract

The article analyses characteristic features of secondary education in Galicia in the late 19th – early 20th century and its role in the formation of Ukrainian intelligentsia. In particular it focuses on the negative factors (position of imperial power in the national question, the discriminatory policy of the local Polish administration pertaining to Ukrainian population, backwardness of Galicia in educational terms compared to other Austrian provinces and lands, low qualification of teaching staff, peculiarities of the educational process in secondary schools, financial situation of the students of gymnasium, etc.) that hampered the establishment of the national intellectual elite. It also examines positive factors that stimulated the formation of intelligentsia: Ukrainians social activities aimed at establishment of private secondary schools that would satisfy their educational needs, enthusiasm of youth, and self-organization for the sake of meeting their national and spiritual needs.